137 research outputs found
Molecular analysis of the mating type (MAT1) locus in strains of the heterothallic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinerea shows a heterothallic bipolar matingâtype system; homothallism has been occasionally observed. MAT1 genes and flanking regions in the reference strains SAS56 (MAT1â1) and SAS405 (MAT1â2) and their monoascosporic progeny were analysed. The two mating types confirmed different sequences of 2513 bp (MAT1â1) and 2776 bp (MAT1â2), flanked by near identical regions. In all isolates, each idiomorph included two matingâtype specific genes: MAT1â1â1 (1161 bp), encoding an alphaâdomain containing protein, and MAT1â1â5 (1301 bp); or MAT1â2â1 (1236 bp), encoding a HMGâdomain protein, and MAT1â2â4 (712 bp); the latter genes encode putative proteins of unknown function. Truncated MAT1â1â1 (670 bp) and MAT1â2â1 (92 bp) sequences of the opposite matingâtype were found in the flanking regions. Idiomorphâspecific PCR primer pairs were used to explore the structure of the MAT1 locus in ascospore progeny and field isolates showing homothallic behaviour, and the locus organization in all of them did not differ from that of heterothallic strains. Constitutive expression of all the four matingâtype genes was ascertained by RTâPCR at four different developmental stages (mycelium, sclerotia at two different stages and apothecia). Antisense transcription of the MAT1â2â1 gene with isoforms from alternative splicing was detected. Comparative analysis of MAT1 loci in B. cinerea and in the closely related homothallic Sclerotinia sclerotiorum led to the identification of short nearly identical sequences
Tracking of Diversity and Evolution in the Brown Rot Fungi Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena, and Monilinia laxa
Monilinia species are among the most devastating fungi worldwide as they cause
brown rot and blossom blight on fruit trees. To understand the molecular bases of
their pathogenic lifestyles, we compared the newly assembled genomes of single
strains of Monilinia fructicola, M. fructigena and M. laxa, with those of Botrytis
cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, as the closest species within Sclerotiniaceae.
Phylogenomic analysis of orthologous proteins and syntenic investigation suggest that
M. laxa is closer to M. fructigena than M. fructicola, and is closest to the other
investigated Sclerotiniaceae species. This indicates that M. laxa was the earliest result
of the speciation process. Distinct evolutionary profiles were observed for transposable
elements (TEs). M. fructicola and M. laxa showed older bursts of TE insertions, which
were affected (mainly in M. fructicola) by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation gene
silencing mechanisms. These suggested frequent occurrence of the sexual process
in M. fructicola. More recent TE expansion linked with low RIP action was observed
in M. fructigena, with very little in S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. The detection of
active non-syntenic TEs is indicative of horizontal gene transfer and has resulted in
alterations in specific gene functions. Analysis of candidate effectors, biosynthetic gene
clusters for secondary metabolites and carbohydrate-active enzymes, indicated that
Monilinia genus has multiple virulence mechanisms to infect host plants, including
toxins, cell-death elicitor, putative virulence factors and cell-wall-degrading enzymes.
Some species-specific pathogenic factors might explain differences in terms of host
plant and organ preferences between M. fructigena and the other two Monilinia species
Observations on the Fungi Associated with Esca and on Spatial Distribution of Esca-Symptomatic Plants in Apulian (Italy) Vineyards
The paper reports the results of observations on the fungi associated with deteriorated wood of esca
affected vines and the spatial distribution of diseased plants in 21 vineyards located in Apulia (Southern Italy).
Examination of over 43,000 plants revealed that the incidence of plants showing symptoms of esca was 12% (5-18%)
in vineyards younger than 10 years and 22% (4-54%) in older ones. The most common deteriorations of the wood were
a white rot of soft consistency and a dark brown discoloration of a hard consistency including longitudinal black
streaks. Mycological analysis was carried out on 554 diseased vines from 5 vineyards. Phellinus sp. was frequently
isolated from white rot, whereas Phaeoacremonium spp., Botryosphaeria spp. and Eutypa lata were more often isolated
from dark brown tissues. Preliminary observations of maps of plants with symptoms of esca seem to indicate a
tendency to aggregation, especially in young vineyards
First Report of Pseudomonas Grapevine Bunch Rot Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae .
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, a Gammaproteobacterium belonging to genomospecies 2 within the P. syringae complex, is distributed worldwide, and it is responsible for bacterial canker on >100 different hosts, including the grapevine. P. syringae pv. syringae induces necrotic lesions in the leaf blades, veins, petioles, shoots, rachis, and tendrils on grapevine cultivars in different areas. P. syringae pv. syringae has been associated with severe economic losses in different grape cultivars in Australia, where it causes inflorescence rot. In midsummer to late summer 2017, symptoms of berry rots differing from those caused by the common berry rots agents were observed in different cultivar Red Globe vineyards of Apulia (southern Italy). As proven by fulfillment of Koch's postulates, these symptoms were caused by a bacterium that, according to the results of biochemical, physiological, nutritional, antimicrobial activity, and pathogenicity tests and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA, gyrB, rpoB, and rpoD genes, was identified as P. syringae pv. syringae. This is the first report of Pseudomonas grapevine bunch rot
Post-operative oncological and psychological evaluation of patients with colostomy for colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND: The therapeutic arsenal for colorectal cancer is largely made up of surgery. In digestive tumors, ostomy devices induce loss of function and control. This medical device generates changes that affect all aspects of patientsâ lives. This study evaluates the postoperative follow-up from the oncological point of view and the psychological impact of colosto- my on the quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer, analyzing any complications or relapses, and the high risk of self-concept disorder and social isolation.
METHODS: The aim of the work was to identify all the surgeries for colorectal cancer performed in the Federico II University Hospital of Naples, from 2018 to 2021, and among them how many had been packaged a colostomy. We then analyzed how many patients had been evaluated 12 months after surgery, with a transanal endoscopy or transto- my, and the percentage of any complications or relapses. The same patients who underwent endoscopic control were also evaluated psychologically, to analyze how they lived the packaging of the ostomy and how it had affected the quality of life.
READ-ONLY COP RESULTS: At endoscopic control, diversion colitis phenomena and few cases of stoma stenosis and stomatitis were detect- PRINTING PROHIBITED ed. No case of neoplastic recurrence. From the psychological point of view, the problems detected were in particular the alteration of body image, the loss of sphincter control, embarrassment and shame for the bad smell, impairment of sex- uality and difficulties in the couple relationship and social contacts, anxiety, depression and loneliness.
CONCLUSIONS: The post-operative evaluation of the ostomy patient following colorectal cancer requires endoscopic control to suddenly detect recurrences and complications and psychological support that improves their quality of life
Specific SCAR Primers for Fungi Associated with Wood Decay of Grapevine
RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis, a technique based on the polymerase chain reaction,
was applied to explore variation in 178 isolates of Fomitiporia punctata, 94 of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora
and 34 of Phomopsis viticola, selected as being representative of fungal populations from different vineyards and
locations. The analysis showed a broad genetic variability in F. punctata and a very high genetic uniformity in P.
chlamydospora. With P. viticola, isolates belonging to different vegetative compatibility groups were investigated;
the analysis evidenced high genetic similarity among isolates within groups and broad inter-group variation. For
each pathogen, specific RAPD markers were selected, cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were used to
design sequence-characterised amplified region (SCAR) primers specific for each pathogen. These are being used to
develop molecular diagnostic tools
Studio della variabilita' fenotipica di Botryotinia fuckeliana con particolare riguardo alla resistenza ai fungicidi ed ai meccanismi di patogenicita'
Dottorato di ricerca in protezione delle colture. A.a. 1992-95. Relatore F. Faretra. Correlatori U. Prota e D. GallitelliConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
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